Turtlehead (Chelone glabra), commonly known as White Turtlehead, is a perennial herbaceous plant native to eastern and central North America. It typically grows between 2 to 3 feet tall and spreads 1.5 to 2.5 feet wide, forming stiffly erect, clump-forming, leafy stems. The plant features dark green, lance-shaped leaves with coarsely toothed margins, arranged oppositely along the stems. From late summer into autumn, Turtlehead produces dense, spike-like terminal racemes of hooded, snapdragon-like flowers that are predominantly white with a pink tinge. These distinctive blooms resemble the head of a turtle emerging from its shell, which is the origin of the plant’s common name.
Thriving in part shade, Turtlehead prefers moist to wet, rich, humusy soils. It is commonly found in natural habitats such as moist woods, swampy areas, and along stream banks. In garden settings, it is well-suited for rain gardens, bog gardens, and along pond or stream edges. While it can tolerate full sun, providing mulch to retain moisture is beneficial in sunnier locations. Pinching back the stem tips in spring can promote a bushier growth habit and reduce the need for staking, especially in shaded areas where the plant may become leggy.
Ecologically, Chelone glabra plays a significant role in supporting various pollinators. Its nectar-rich flowers attract butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds. Notably, it serves as the primary larval host plant for the Baltimore Checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas phaeton), providing essential foliage for caterpillar development. Additionally, the plant supports the Common Buckeye butterfly (Junonia coenia), although this is less common in certain regions.
